Human nature dictates that the easiest possible method is used to achieve the required end and for the new driver this is merely obtaining their licence. The outcome is to comply with requirements to pass the relevant licence test which has therefore become both the 'educator' and also the 'evaluator' of all new drivers. To add to this, there is an 'official' knowledge vacuum due to the various tasks of driving not yet being officially defined by way of competencies against which all drivers would be benchmarked. This has led to the unrealistic public perception that driving is 'simple' and that a licence is a 'person's right-of-progress' which therefore does not need to be earned. The complexities of the task, especially to new drivers, have too long been ignored and this approach to educating drivers is the antithesis of a sound educational procedure which must now be addressed.
Safe driving is not enate behaviour, but rather a learned skill. This is reinforced by recent research into practical driver education, which determined that; - 'Safe driving is an acquired skill and clearly is learned behaviour which can therefore be taught. Following ANTA Standards Committee endorsement of the National Competency Standard for Driver Trainers in 1995, the major task in adequate driver preparation that remains to be addressed is to arrive at an acceptable and objective set of guidelines for safe and proficient performance'. This 'missing link' is presented to you today as being necessary for designing and evaluating any vocational education course for drivers.
The non-educational direction of driver training in Australia has now dramatically changed with the ongoing development of Vocational Education and Training coupled with Competency-based Assessment (CBT&A). The Australian Driver Trainers Association's (ADTA) Education and Training Committee's Mission has been to 'Develop and adopt a set of competency guidelines upon which all education, training and assessment systems for licensing procedures for all licence classes throughout Australia can be referenced.'
This mission is part of the National Road Safety Strategy and will alter the future direction of driver education by belatedly having it recognised as an educational process. This will enable drivers who undertake recognised vocational training to achieve a nationally recognised qualification, obtain insurance benefits when offered and become a safer part of the community in its quest to lower the national road toll.
The Australian Driver Trainers Association (National) Inc, together with valued input and assistance from many other stakeholders, has prepared these national driver competency guidelines as the first step in the process of change. It is based on current tasks as defined during consultation with community, industry, Government and ADTA members throughout Australia.
In the same way as a Competency Standard should clearly specify performance rather than be a course curriculum, the recommended eight units of competence within these guidelines define the tasks to be performed. From this, nationally recognised, competency-based training and assessment methodology can then be formulated ahead of what will no doubt be a proliferation of "courses for drivers" delivered by parents and educators to support professional driver training input. The guidelines not only address the practical in-car tasks but also the community's expectation of the responsibilities of drivers wanting to safely enter the overall driving scene. Now is the time to put in place a workable benchmark to ensure that the standard and consistency of drivers is part of any road safety initiative.
Whilst reflecting upon current State/Territory licence testing procedures, the committee noted that there is overwhelming evidence that many licensing authorities have also proposed/introduced hazard perception awareness included within these guidelines as well as addressing many of the recommendations contained within Austroads (1995) Report AP-121 Novice Car Diver Competency Specifications. This, coupled with the improvement in policing, roads, vehicle and occupant safety, driver trainer education to Certificate III level and road crash trauma treatment, has greatly improved the road crash survival rate and lowered the road toll despite an increasing crash incident rate. The Australian Driver Trainers Association’s members, nationwide, are looking to work with your committee in a collaborative process, toward the ‘missing link’ being made available to the community by way of a brochure distributed through government agencies prior to the introduction of the next example of the need for progress - national road law/rules. This will provide all "trainers" with the "something to teach".
Representatives from the Federal Office of Road Safety (FORS), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Transport Industry Training Advisory Board (ITAB) and many others across Australia have been involved in the formulation of this set of guidelines and have willingly provided their valuable time and experience to support the project. It now needs to go the next step and be taken up as a project worthy of community awareness of expectations before and beyond normal minimum licensing requirements.
The competencies have been prepared using the guidelines for National Competency Standards as prescribed by the National Training Board and are expressed in the required common format.
Performance Criteria
1.1.1 Recognise the cost of road crash/trauma to the community.
1.1.2 Recognise that youth is disproportionably represented in the road crash/trauma statistics.
Recognise that the reduction of road crash/trauma is the responsibility
of all road users.
Element 1.2 Comply with road laws and regulations
Performance Criteria
1.2.1 Identify road laws and regulations.
1.2.2 Identify the reasons for road laws and regulations.
1.2.3 Identify the safety implication of complying with road laws and regulations.
1.2.4 Apply road laws and regulations when driving.
Road laws and regulations are to include appropriate State/Territory legislation relating to:
* Accidents
* Alcohol and Drugs
* Emergency vehicles
* Intersections
* Laned roads
* Licences
* Other road users
* Overtaking
* Parking
* Pedestrians
* Police
* Railway Crossings
* Roadways
* Road markings
* Road Signs
* Seat Restraints
* Signals
* Speed limits
* Towing
* Traffic Lights
* Turning
* Vehicles
* Vehicle Restraints
Element 1.3 Accept responsibility for complying with road laws and regulations
Performance Criteria
1.3.1 Recognise the legal expectations of the driver.
1.3.2 Recognise that safe driving depends entirely on the actions of the driver.
1.3.3 Recognise that the incorrect apportioning of blame is a barrier to acquiring safe driving skills.
Element 1.4 Accept that drugs and alcohol influence driving behaviour
Performance Criteria
1.4.1 Recognise that vehicle is not to be driven when the driver is affected
by drugs and/or alcohol.
Demonstrate knowledge of laws and penalties relating to drugs and/or
alcohol in body.
Element 1.5 Accept that risk-taking behaviour affects driver safety
Performance Criteria
1.5.1 Recognise that peer pressure affects driver safety.
1.5.2 Recognise that better time management will reduce pressure brought about by time constraints.
Element 1.6 Values life and property
Performance Criteria
1.6.1 Recognise that a crash can have serious consequences for self and
other's quality of life.
Value driving decisions that avoid harm to self, others and property
damage.
Element 1.7 Choices and motivation
Performance Criteria
1.7.1 Recognises that motivation can significantly influence decisions
made about when and how to drive.
Recognises that the task of low-risk driving requires continuous effort
and practice.
Recognises that choices exist in making own decisions about driving
Behaviour.
Understands the legal ramifications of crashes and driving offences.
Understands that law enforcement actions are necessary as a means of developing a safer driving environment.
Element 1.8 Accept environmental responsibility
Performance Criteria
1.8.1 Recognises that the use of motor vehicles can contribute to
environmental degregation.
Element 1.9 Understand how peer pressure can influence driver behaviour
Performance Criteria
1.9.1 Recognises the source of peer pressure and understands its influence
on the decision drivers may make.
1.9.2 Is assertive in maintaining safe driving habits in spite of peer pressure.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 1
Students will consist of all persons wishing to obtain a driver's licence and mature drivers requiring retraining.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 1
Demonstrate the knowledge that road crash/trauma is a community problem.
Demonstrate the knowledge and application of the required State/Territory Road Laws and Regulations, with particular emphasis on the reasons for the Laws and Regulations.
Demonstrate responsibility for complying with road laws and regulations.
UNIT 2. CARRY OUT BASIC VEHICLE CHECKS and BREAKDOWN PROCEDURES
Element 2.1 Maintain fluid levels
Performance Criteria
2.1.1 Check and maintain fluid levels, including but not limited to:
* Fuel. * Engine oil.
* Engine coolant. * Screen washers fluids.
* Battery. * Power steering reservoir.
* Brake fluid reservoir. * Clutch fluid reservoir.
* Automatic gearbox fluid
Element 2.2 Organise the repair or replacement of faulty, worn or
damaged equipment
Performance criteria
2.2.1 Identify and organise repair or replacement of faulty, worn or
damaged equipment, including:
* Brake pads. * Tyres.
* Road/spare wheels. * Light bulbs.
* Fuses. * Battery.
* Windscreen wiper blades.
* Handbrake and clutch adjustment
Element 2.3 Manage breakdown procedure Performance
Performance criteria
2.3.1 Demonstrate safety procedures for an unplanned breakdown
Criteria including:
* Slowing and stopping
* Hazard lights
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
Element 2.4 Check vehicle
Performance criteria
2.4.1 Perform pre driving checks.
2.4.2 Perform post driving checks.
Element 2.5 Couple the vehicle
Performance criteria
2.5.1 Perform coupling the trailer procedure.
2.5.2 Perform uncoupling the trailer procedure.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 2
The knowledge required will be governed by the vehicle used for instruction.
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 2
Demonstrate ability to perform basic vehicle checks.
Demonstrate the knowledge required to organise the repair or replacement of faulty, worn or damaged equipment.
Demonstrate the knowledge to manage an unplanned vehicle breakdown.
Heavy vehicle requirements. Demonstrate the ability to perform the specified tasks.
UNIT 3. APPLY SAFETY ASPECTS
Element 3.1 Use recognised vision and perception techniques while driving
Performance criteria
3.1.1 Identify the difference between central and peripheral vision.
3.1.2 Apply 'Aim High' techniques when driving.
3.1.3 Apply 'See the Whole Scene' techniques when driving.
Apply 'Keep the Eyes on the Move' techniques when driving.
Element 3.2 Create and maintain driving space
Performance criteria
3.2.1 Apply the techniques for creating and maintaining a 'Safety
Cushion' when driving.
3.2.2 Use the required techniques when space is reduced when driving.
Apply speed variation to space availability techniques when driving.
Element 3.3 Be visible to other road users
Performance criteria
3.3.1 Apply 'Being Seen' techniques when driving.
3.3.2 Use 'Eye Contact' procedures when driving.
3.3.3 Adopt appropriate procedures when not visible to other drivers.
Use 'Horn Ready' procedure when required.
Element 3.4 Avoid potential
problems
Performance criteria
3.4.1 Display the techniques required to 'Have an Escape' when driving.
Element 3.5 Make appropriate and safe driving decisions
Performance Criteria
3.5.1 Make 'Early Decisions' when driving.
3.5.2 Identify 'Voluntary Decision' situations.
3.5.3 Use the appropriate procedures at 'Influenced Decision' situations.
3.5.4 Use the appropriate procedures at 'Multiple Decision' situations.
Element 3.6 Apply intersection safety techniques
Performance Criteria
3.6.1 Recognise the relationship between sight distance, approach speed,
reaction time and stopping distance when negotiating intersections.
3.6.2 Safely negotiate intersections by applying Systematic Vehicle Control.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 3
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
Vehicles used will range from small automatic cars to large articulated vehicles.
Road and traffic environment range will encompass all conditions that are to be found on public roads within Australia.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 3
Demonstrate ability to comply with the relevant State/Territory Road Laws and Regulations, while driving.
Demonstrate ability to drive in all prevailing local road and traffic conditions.
Demonstrate ability to drive with courtesy and consideration for all other road users.
Demonstrate the ability to use all of the safety aspects while driving.
Demonstrate the ability to comply with Systematic Vehicle Control.
UNIT 4
.
READ INSTRUMENTS AND OPERATE CONTROLS
Element 4.1 Identify instruments and gauges
Performance Criteria
4.1.1 Read and describe instruments & gauges, including but not limited to:
* Battery warning. * Brake/Park brake warning.
* Fuel gauge. * Oil warning.
* Speedometer. * Tachometer.
* Temperature warning. * Odometer
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
* Glow plug indicator.
* Air pressure gauges.
Take appropriate action for abnormal instrument and/or gauge
readings/warnings.
Element 4.2 Operate non driving controls
Performance Criteria
4.2.1 Operate non-driving controls, including but not limited to:
* Demisters.
* Headlights/parking lights.
* Ignition switch/starter.
* Windscreen wipers/washers
* Hazard lights
* Dashboard lights dimmer/control switch
Element 4.3 Operate driving controls
Performance criteria
4.3.1 Operate driving controls, including but not limited to:
* Accelerator. * Clutch.
* Footbrake. * Gear lever positions.
* Handbrake. * Horn.
* Mirrors. * Steering wheel.
* Turn indicators.
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
* Auxiliary brakes, including:
- exhaust.
- jacobs.
- telma retarder
* Clutch- single and double change - with or without clutch or brake.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 4
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
Vehicles used will range from small automatic cars to large articulated vehicles.
Road and traffic environment range will encompass all conditions that are to be found on public roads within Australia.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 4
Demonstrate ability to comply with the relevant State/Territory Road Laws and Regulations, while driving.
Demonstrate the ability to read the required instruments and operate all of the controls in the vehicle used for instruction.
Heavy vehicles Demonstrate knowledge of all brake types.
UNIT 5. PERFORM DRIVING PROCEDURES
Element 5.1 Perform cabin drill
Performance Criteria
5.1.1 Adjustments.
5.1.2 Loose articles and luggage storage.
5.1.3 Safety restraints.
Element 5.2 Steer the vehicle using preferred method(s)
Performance Criteria
5.2.1 Hold the steering wheel.
5.2.2 Steer the vehicle straight ahead.
5.2.3 Perform left turns and right turns at slow speed (below 20) using hand over hand steering. (due to airbag deployment)
5.2.4 Perform left turns and right turns at higher speeds (above 20) using pull push steering.
Element 5.3 Change the gears
Performance Criteria
5.3.1 Use recognised hand-use techniques when changing gears.
5.3.2 Use recognised pedal sequence when change the gears.
5.3.3 Change the gears up and down while driving.
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
5.3.4 Change the gears up and down while driving, including:
synchro - crash.
multi speed.
skip changing
progressive changing.
5.3.5 Select appropriate gear for necessary torque.
5.3.6 Co ordinate engine power with gear selection to maintain appropriate torque.
5.3.7 Control vehicle speed by use of transmission, throttle and brakes.
Element 5.4 Check the blind spots
Performance Criteriaa
5.4.1 Identify blind spots front and rear, left and right.
5.4.2 Perform front and rear, left and right, blind spot checks.
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
5.4.3 Use appropriate head checks.
Element 5.5 Perform leave the kerb on incline and decline
Performance Criteria
5.5.1 In a manual vehicle, hold the vehicle momentarily stationary on the
clutch to prevent roll back.
5.5.2 In an automatic vehicle, hold the vehicle momentarily stationary on the accelerator to prevent roll back.
5.5.3 Perform uphill starts without roll back.
5.5.4 Perform down hill starts.
Element 5.6 Leave and return to the kerb
Performance Criteria
5.6.1 Apply the appropriate procedure to leave the kerb, using all of the Criteria required controls in sequence. (viz mirrors, indicator, shoulder check, steer. M.I.S.S. )
5.6.2 Apply traffic interaction techniques when leaving the kerb.
Apply the appropriate procedure to return to the kerb, using all of
the required controls in sequence.
5.6.4 Apply traffic interaction techniques when returning to the kerb.(viz M.I.S.S.)
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
5.6.5 Apply appropriate techniques at bus stops.
Element 5.7 Negotiate left and right turns
Performance Criteria
5.7.1 Position the vehicle when entering and exiting left and right turns.
5.7.2 Apply Systematic Vehicle Control using the required controls, in sequence, when negotiating left and right turns.
Check appropriately for traffic, ahead, left and right, when
negotiating left and right turns.
5.7.4 Apply the required give away procedures, ahead, left and right, when negotiating left and right turns.
Element 5.8 Secure the vehicle
Performance Criteria
5.8.1 Use appropriate controls to secure the vehicle and prevent roll off.
5.8.2 Use appropriate methods to secure the vehicle against theft.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 5
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
Vehicles used will range from small automatic cars to large articulated vehicles.
Road and traffic environment range will encompass all conditions that are to be found on public roads within Australia.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 5
Demonstrate ability to comply with the relevant State and Territory Road Laws and Regulations, while driving.
Demonstrate ability to drive in all prevailing local road and traffic conditions.
Demonstrate ability to drive with courtesy and consideration for all other road users.
Demonstrate the ability to perform all driving procedures including Systematic Vehicle Control.
UNIT 6. DRIVE IN TRAFFIC
Element 6.1 Use the controls in traffic
Performance Criteria
6.1.1 Use mirrors, brakes, accelerator, gears and signals, smoothly and Criteria appropriately, while driving in traffic.
Element 6.2 Safely negotiate roundabouts
Performance Criteria
6.2.1 Proceeding straight ahead and signalling at single and multi-laned
roundabouts.
6.2.2 Make safe and legal left and right turns and signal before exiting at single and multi-laned roundabouts.
Element 6.3 Select safe gaps in traffic
Performance Criteria
6.3.1 Select safe gaps on single and multi-laned carriageways.
6.3.2 Safely enter and cross single and multi-laned carriageways ensuring that Mirrors – Indicators – Shoulder check – Steer (MISS) is executed.
Element 6.4 Safely proceed at vision blockout situations
Performance Criteria
6.4.1 Identify vision blockout situations.
6.4.2 Proceed safely at vision blockouts situations.
Element 6.5 Drive on hills and bends
Performance Criteria
6.5.1 Select the appropriate controls when driving on hilly terrain.
6.5.2 Use the appropriate steering techniques when steering on bends.
Element 6.6 Adopt safe procedures at pedestrian crossings
Performance Criteria
6.6.1 Safely approach pedestrian crossings.
6.6.2 Adopt safe and legal procedures at pedestrian crossings.
Element 6.7 Apply safe procedures at traffic lights
Performance Criteria
6.7.1 Safely approach traffic lights.
6.7.2 Adopt safe and legal procedures with traffic interaction and light changes at traffic lights.
6.7.3 Perform straight ahead, left and right turns at traffic lights.
Element 6.8 Drive on laned roads
Performance Criteria
6.8.1 Position the vehicle in the centre of road lanes.
Make safe and legal lane changes to the left and right executing the (MISS) Mirrors - Indicators - Shoulder check - Steer.
6.8.3 Use safe and legal procedures at diminishing laneway situations.
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
6.8.3 Use safe and legal procedures at diminishing laneway situations.
Element 6.9 Comply with road signs and markings
Performance Criteria
6.9.1 Identify regulatory, warning and advisory signs.
6.9.2 Adopt safe legal procedures at regulatory and warning signs.
6.9.3 Identify road markings.
6.9.4 Adopt safe and legal procedures at road markings.
Element 6.10 Overtake other vehicles
Performance Criteria
6.10.1 Select appropriate overtaking locations and situations.
6.10.2 Safely overtake in laned traffic.
6.10.3 Safely overtake when crossing the centre line.
6.10.4 Adopt the appropriate procedures when being overtaken.
Element 6.11 Drive in adverse conditions
Performance Criteria
6.11.1 Adopt safe procedures when driving at night including double safety gap.
6.11.2 Adopt safe procedures when driving in wet weather including double safety gap.
6.11.3 Adopt safe procedures when driving with poor visibility including double safety gap.
6.11.4 Adopt safe procedures when driving in slippery conditions including double safety gap.
Element 6.12 Avoid impairment by fatigue and stress
Performance Criteria
6.12.1 Employs short-term and long-term strategies for dealing with fatigue and overly strong stress reactions.
6.12.2 Recognises techniques to avoid fatigue/stress impairment.
Element 6.13 Acquire simple navigation skills
Performance Criteria
6.13.1 Consult a street directory and pre-plan a route.
6.13.2 Recognise early regulatory requirements when driving.
Element 6.14 Acquire causal attribution skills and use defensive driving techniques to predict
Performance Criteria
6.14.1 Recognises that in the event of a crash or near miss, a low-risk driver must attribute a realistic degree of cause to own performance while acknowledging other 'external causes'.
Reviews driving events in order to modify world view and develop
strategies for dealing with similar situations in the future.
Understands the purpose and meaning of road rules as aids to safe and
efficient traffic flow.
Recognises the most frequent factors occurring in crashes.
Understands common factors that could lead to crashes.
Recognises the costs to self and community of road crashes.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 6
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
Vehicles used will range from small automatic cars to large articulated vehicles.
Road and traffic environment range will encompass all conditions that are to be found on public roads within Australia.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 6
Demonstrate ability to comply with the relevant State and Territory Road Laws and Regulations, while driving.
Demonstrate ability to drive with courtesy and consideration for all other road users.
Demonstrate ability to drive in all prevailing local road and traffic conditions.
Demonstrate the ability to apply Systematic Vehicle Control.
UNIT 7. DRIVE ON THE OPEN ROAD
Element 7.1 Drive on freeways
Performance Criteria
7.1.1 Safely enter and exit freeways.
7.1.2 Drive safely in a fast traffic environment.
7.1.3 Identify the dangers of "speed scatter".
Element 7.2 Control the vehicle at higher speed
Performance Criteria
7.2.1 Accelerate smoothly at higher speed.
7.2.2 Brake safely from higher speeds.
Use appropriate observation technique for higher speed cornering.
Adopt the safe line for left and right bends.
Use an appropriate steering technique for higher speed cornering.
Use the appropriate controls, at entry, apex and exit to bends, at higher speed.
Identify the effects of momentum, directional control and centrifugal force on the vehicle when cornering.
Element 7.3 Drive on sealed country roads
Performance Criteria
7.3.1 Use appropriate procedures at warning signs when driving on sealed country roads.
Apply safe procedures for road lines, when driving on sealed
country roads and recognise the danger of negative camber on bends and curves.
Apply appropriate procedures when driving on and off road
shoulders.
7.3.4 Safely pass approaching vehicles on sealed country roads.
7.3.5 Safely overtake vehicles on sealed country roads.
7.3.6 Apply safe procedures when driving at night on country roads.
Element 7.4 Drive on gravel roads
Performance Criteria
7.4.1 Apply the appropriate techniques when cornering and braking while in a straight line, with the reduced adhesion caused by gravel roads.
7.4.2 Safely pass approaching vehicles on gravel roads.
7.4.3 Safely overtake vehicles on gravel roads.
7.4.4 Drive safely in dust conditions, on gravel roads.
7.4.5 Negotiate culverts, pot holes and washaways on gravel roads.
Element 7.5 Perform planning and safety checks
Performance Criteria
7.4.1 Perform checks essential to low-risk driving. Knows both the legal and safety requirements for maintaining the vehicle in a roadworthy condition.
7.4.3 Perform the appropriate scale of planning associated with each trip.
7.4.4 Understand what to do in case of crash or vehicle breakdown.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 7
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
Vehicles used will range from small automatic cars to large articulated vehicles.
Road and traffic environment range will encompass all conditions that are to be found on public roads within Australia.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 7
Demonstrate ability to comply with the relevant State and Territory Road Laws and Regulations, while driving.
Demonstrate ability to drive with courtesy and consideration for all other road users.
Demonstrate ability to drive in all prevailing local road and traffic conditions.
Demonstrate ability to perform all driving procedures including Systematic Vehicle Control.
UNIT 8.
MANOEUVRE THE VEHICLE AT SLOW SPEED
Element 8.1 Control the vehicle at slow speed
Performance Criteria
8.1.1 Slowly move the vehicle forward a short distance.
8.1.2 Move the vehicle in either direction using slow speed control
techniques.
Element 8.2 Reverse the vehicle
Performance Criteria
8.2.1 Reverse the vehicle in a straight line.
8.2.2 Reverse the vehicle to the left and right.
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
8.2.3 Reverse the vehicle in a straight line using external mirrors.
8.2.4 Reverse the vehicle to the left and right using external mirrors.
Element 8.3 Turn to face the opposite direction
Performance Criteria
8.3.1 Select an appropriate and legal location to turn the vehicle to face the opposite direction.
8.3.2 Manoeuvre the vehicle to face the opposite direction in a narrow road.
8.3.3 Safely interact with traffic, while manoeuvring the vehicle to face the opposite direction.
Element 8.4 Park the vehicle
Performance Criteria
8.4.1 Reverse park the vehicle close and parallel to the kerb and between two parked vehicles, on level ground.
Reverse park the vehicle close and parallel to the kerb and between two parked vehicles, down hill and uphill.
Forward park the vehicle into an appropriate space.
Angle park the vehicle, both front in and rear in where local laws allow.
HEAVY VEHICLE ADDENDUM
8.4.5 Reverse the vehicle into a loading dock.
RANGE OF VARIABLES - Unit 8
Students will range from novice car and heavy vehicle drivers, to mature drivers requiring retraining.
Vehicles used will range from small automatic cars to large articulated vehicles.
Road and traffic environment range will encompass all conditions that are to be found on public roads within Australia.
EVIDENCE GUIDE - Unit 8
Demonstrate ability to comply with the relevant State and Territory Road Laws and Regulations, while driving.
Demonstrate ability to drive with courtesy and consideration for all other road users.
Demonstrate the ability to perform all slow speed manoeuvres.
Research material
PRINT ACT Dept. Urban Services (1997) - Course - For Accrediting Driver Trainers. The Driver Education Centre of Australia - Canberra
ACTRAC Products (1996) - Course - Certificate III for Motor Vehicle Instruction
ACTRAC Products Pty Ltd - Melbourne
ADTA(National) (1994) - National Competency Standards for Novice Drivers
Australian Driver Trainers' Association (National) - Sydney
A D E (1997) - Course - Certificate IV for Motor Vehicle Driver Trainers
Australian Driver Education - Sydney
Austroads (1995) - Report AP121 - Novice car driver competency specification
Austroads - Canberra
Austroads (1995b) - Proposed Australian Road Rules - Preliminary Evaluation of Impact. Austroads - Canberra
Department of Transport SA (1994) - Operator's Manual Competency-based Training. Department of Transport SA - Adelaide
Department of Transport WA (1997) -Driver Competency Standard
Driver Improvement Consultancy p/l - Hobart
Help Referal Agency (1994) - Course - Young Driver Education and Training Program. Help Referal Agency - Brisbane
Lonero, L. et al. (1995) - Novice Driver Education Model Curriculum Outline
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety -
New Zealand Land Transport Safety Authority (1997) - Rule 91001 Driver Licensing
Land Transport Safety Authority of NZ - Wellington
Queensland Road Safety Council (1983) - Driver Manual
Queensland Transport - Brisbane
Queensland Transport (1998) - Draft Changes to Driver Licence Testing in Queensland
Queensland Transport - Brisbane
RTA NSW (1996) - A Guide to Heavy Vehicle Competency-based Assessment
Roads and Traffic Authority NSW - Sydney
RTA NSW (1997) - A Framework for Driver Education (3rd edition)
Roads and Traffic Authority NSW - Sydney
RTTA (1995) - Driver - Light Vehicle Workplace Assessment Tools
National Road Transport Industry Training Committee Ltd - Melbourne
TAFE NSW (1998) - Course - Certificate IV for Driver Trainers
TAFE NSW Transport and Construction Education Services Division - Sydney
Transport SA (1998) - Draft - SA Class 'car' CBT&A Course - Accr. Instructor's Manual
Transport SA - Adelaide
VicRoads (1998) - What you need to know about your Licence Assessment
VicRoads - Melbourne
VIDEOS VicRoads (1996) - Look to Live - a guide to Hazard Perception - video
VicRoads - Melbourne
Department of Transport WA (1997b) - Road Awareness Workshop - video
Department of Transport - Road Safety - Perth
© Australian Driver Trainers' Association (National) Incorporated
adta@bigpond.com
Contact: A l l a n P o r t e r
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